Intoxication au cannabis & Syndrome

Le référentiel médical TREKK est une collection des meilleures ressources et évidences sur divers sujets. La collection est constituée par une équipe de synthèse des connaissances à l’Alberta Research Centre for Health Evidence (ARCHE) et par une équipe de spécialistes qui contribuent au contenu médical TREKK.

L’équipe de synthèse utilise un cadre hiérarchique des données probantes en forme de pyramide « 4S » (voir le modèle “4S” Hierarchy of evidence), pour répondre aux besoins des parties prenantes. Pour ce faire, l’équipe effectue à priori une recherche de la littérature à partir des bases de données scientifiques (Cochrane Library, PubMed, TRIP Database) et des moteurs de recherche internet (Google, Google Scholar). Les résultats sont organisés en 5 volets de présentation :

1. Recommandations de base
2. Lignes directrices sur la pratique clinique et algorithmes
3. Survols et résumés des revues systématiques
4. Revues systématiques
5. Études clés

Ressources pour parents et familles, si applicable

En collaboration avec l’équipe de synthèse des connaissances, les spécialistes qui contribuent au contenu TREKK sélectionnent les items pertinents, présentés ci-dessous. Le référentiel médical TREKK n’est pas conçu comme liste exhaustive du sujet, mais plutôt comme liste sélectionnée par un consensus d’experts : c’est une liste de ressources fondées sur des données probantes à date, pertinentes, et utilisables au Service général des urgences médicales. Les ressources à libre accès sont privilégiées (c’est-à-dire, disponibles à tous, gratuites, et sans abonnement nécessaire).

Pour en savoir plus sur l’élaboration de nos référentiels, cliquez ici.

Un grand merci aux spécialistes cliniques et à l’Équipe de synthèse des connaissances qui ont dirigé le développement de ce référentiel médical.

Kaitlin Hogue, MD; Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Children’s Hospital of Winnipeg

Neil Desai, MD, FRCPC; Clinical Assistant Professor, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British

Liza Bialy, BSc, MPH, Knowledge Synthesis Project Coordinator, Alberta Research Centre For Health Evidence, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta

Sarah Elliott, PhD, Assistant Director, Alberta Research Centre for Health Evidence, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta

Cliquez ici pour voir les ressources TREKK élaborées pour professionnels de la santé, parents, et familles.

1. Borgundvaag B, Bellolio F, Miles I, et al. Guidelines for Reasonable and Appropriate Care in the Emergency Department (GRACE-4): Alcohol use disorder and cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome management in the emergency department. Acad Emerg Med. 2024 May;31(5):425- 455.
2. Humphries C, Gillings M. RCEM best practice guideline: suspected cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome in emergency departments. Emerg Med J. 2024 Apr 22;41(5):328-331.
3. Amirshahi MM, Moss MJ, Smith SW, et al. ACMT Position Statement: Addressing Pediatric Cannabis Exposure. J Med Toxicol. 2019 Jul;15(3):212-214. doi: 10.1007/s13181-019-00708-z. Epub 2019 Apr 3.

1. Solmi M, De Toffol M, Kim JY, et al. Balancing risks and benefits of cannabis use: umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials and observational studies. BMJ. 2023 Aug 30;382:e072348. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2022-072348.

Intoxication

1. Gaudet L, Hogue K, Scott SD, Hartling L, Elliott SA. Acute pediatric cannabis intoxication: A scoping review. J Child Health Care. 2024 Mar;28(1):196-214.
2. Tuvel AL, Winiger EA, Ross JM. A review of the effects of adolescent cannabis use on physical health. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2023;32(1):85-105.
3. Takakuwa KM, Schears RM. The emergency department care of the cannabis and synthetic cannabinoid patient: A narrative review. Int J Emerg Med. 2021;14(1):10.
4. Wong KU, Baum CR. Acute cannabis toxicity. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2019;35(11):799-804.
5. Blohm E, Sell P, Neavyn M. Cannabinoid toxicity in pediatrics. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2019;31(2):256- 61.
6. Richards JR, Smith NE, Moulin AK. Unintentional cannabis ingestion in children: A systematic review. J Pediatr. 2017;190:142-52.

Hyperemesis

1. Sabbineni M, Scott W, Punia K, et al. SAEM GRACE: Dopamine antagonists and topical capsaicin for cannabis hyperemesis syndrome in the emergency department: A systematic review of direct evidence. Acad Emerg Med. 2024 May;31(5):493-503.
2. Frazier R, Li BUK, Venkatesan T. Diagnosis and management of cyclic vomiting syndrome: A critical review. Am J Gastroenterol. 2023;118(7):1157-67.
3. Chu F, Cascella M. Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome. Statpearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. 2023
4. Senderovich H, Patel P, Jimenez Lopez B, Waicus S. A systematic review on cannabis hyperemesis syndrome and its management options. Med Princ Pract. 2022;31(1):29-38.
5. Razban M, Exadaktylos AK, Santa VD, Heymann EP. Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome and cannabis withdrawal syndrome: A review of the management of cannabis-related syndrome in the emergency department. Int J Emerg Med. 2022;15(1):45.
6. Zhu JW, Gonsalves CL, Issenman RM, Kam AJ. Diagnosis and acute management of adolescent cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome: A systematic review. J Adolesc Health. 2021;68(2):246-54.
7. Takakuwa KM, Schears RM. The emergency department care of the cannabis and synthetic cannabinoid patient: A narrative review. Int J Emerg Med. 2021;14(1):10.
8. Reinert JP, Niyamugabo O, Harmon KS, Fenn NE, 3rd. Management of pediatric cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome: A review. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2021;26(4):339-45.
9. DeVuono MV, Parker LA. Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome: A review of potential mechanisms. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. 2020;5(2):132-44.
10. Sorensen CJ, DeSanto K, Borgelt L, et al. Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome: Diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment—a systematic review. Journal of Medical Toxicology. 2017;13(1):71-87.

Intoxication

1. Roehler DR, Smith Ht, Radhakrishnan L, et al. Cannabis-involved emergency department visits among persons aged <25 years before and during the covid-19 pandemic – United States, 2019-2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2023;72(28):758-65.
2. Kourgiantakis T, Lee E, Kosar AKT, et al. Youth cannabis use in Canada post-legalization: Service providers’ perceptions, practices, and recommendations. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2023;18(1):36.
3. Keung MY, Leach E, Kreuser K, et al. Cannabis-induced anxiety disorder in the emergency department. Cureus. 2023;15(4):e38158.
4. Denissoff A, Mustonen A, Miettunen J, et al. Trajectories of adolescent psychotic-like experiences and early cannabis exposure: Results from a Finnish birth cohort study. Schizophr Res. 2022;246:95-102.
5. Coret A, Rowan-Legg A. Unintentional cannabis exposures in children pre- and post-legalization: A retrospective review from a Canadian paediatric hospital. Paediatr Child Health. 2022;27(5):265- 71.
6. Cohen N, Galvis Blanco L, Davis A, et al. Pediatric cannabis intoxication trends in the pre and post-legalization era. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2022;60(1):53-8.
7. Thomas AA, Dickerson-Young T, Mazor S. Unintentional pediatric marijuana exposures at a tertiary care children’s hospital in Washington state: A retrospective review. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2021;37(10):e594-e8.
8. Mehamha H, Doudka N, Minodier P, et al. Unintentional cannabis poisoning in toddlers: A one year study in Marseille. Forensic Sci Int. 2021;325:110858.
9. Gilley M, Brent J, Calello DP, et al. Synthetic cannabinoid exposure in adolescents presenting for emergency care. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2021;37(1):e13-e6.
10. Burns MM, Toce MS. Pediatric cannabis use and cardiac complications. CMAJ. 2021;193(45):E1737.
11. Bashqoy F, Heizer JW, Reiter PD, et al. Increased testing and health care costs for pediatric cannabis exposures. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2021;37(12):e850-e4.
12. Schmid Y, Scholz I, Mueller L, et al. Emergency department presentations related to acute toxicity following recreational use of cannabis products in Switzerland. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2020;206:107726.
13. Cheng P, Zagaran A, Rajabali F, et al. Setting the baseline: A description of cannabis poisonings at a Canadian pediatric hospital prior to the legalization of recreational cannabis. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can. 2020;40(5-6):193-200.
14. Champagne AS, McFaull SR, Thompson W, Bang F. Surveillance from the high ground: Sentinel surveillance of injuries and poisonings associated with cannabis. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can. 2020;40(5-6):184-92.
15. Boadu O, Gombolay GY, Caviness VS, El Saleeby CM. Intoxication from accidental marijuana ingestion in pediatric patients: What may lie ahead. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2020;36(6):e349-e54.
16. Noble MJ, Hedberg K, Hendrickson RG. Acute cannabis toxicity. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2019;57(8):735-42.
17. Levene RJ, Pollak-Christian E, Wolfram S. A 21st century problem: Cannabis toxicity in a 13- month-old child. J Emerg Med. 2019;56(1):94-6.
18. Vo KT, Horng H, Li K, et al. Cannabis intoxication case series: The dangers of edibles containing tetrahydrocannabinol. Ann Emerg Med. 2018;71(3):306-13.
19. Heizer JW, Borgelt LM, Bashqoy F, et al. Marijuana misadventures in children: Exploration of a dose-response relationship and summary of clinical effects and outcomes. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2018;34(7):457-62.
20. Fluharty ME, Heron J, Munafò MR. Longitudinal associations of social cognition and substance use in childhood and early adolescence: Findings from the AVON longitudinal study of parents and children. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2018;27(6):739-52.
21. Burns C, Burns R, Sanseau E, et al. Pediatric emergency medicine simulation curriculum: Marijuana ingestion. MedEdPORTAL. 2018;14:10780.
22. Wilson KM, Torok MR, Wei B, et al. Detecting biomarkers of second hand marijuana smoke in young children. Pediatric Research. 2017;81(4):589-92.
23. Finkelstein Y, Goel G, Hutson JR, et al. Drug misuse in adolescents presenting to the emergency department. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2017;33(7):451-6.
24. Claudet I, Mouvier S, Labadie M, et al. Unintentional cannabis intoxication in toddlers. Pediatrics. 2017;140(3).
25. Claudet I, Le Breton M, Bréhin C, Franchitto N. A 10-year review of cannabis exposure in children under 3-years of age: Do we need a more global approach? Eur J Pediatr. 2017;176(4):553-6.
26. Barceló B, Pichini S, López-Corominas V, et al. Acute intoxication caused by synthetic cannabinoids 5f-adb and mmb-2201: A case series. Forensic Sci Int. 2017;273:e10-e4.
27. Wang GS, Le Lait MC, Deakyne SJ, et al. Unintentional pediatric exposures to marijuana in Colorado, 2009-2015. JAMA Pediatr. 2016;170(9):e160971.
28. Onders B, Casavant MJ, Spiller HA, et al. Marijuana exposure among children younger than six years in the united states. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2016;55(5):428-36.
29. ElSohly MA, Mehmedic Z, Foster S, et al. Changes in cannabis potency over the last 2 decades (1995-2014): Analysis of current data in the united states. Biol Psychiatry. 2016;79(7):613-9.
30. Adair A, Greene SC, Greeley CS, et al. Synthetic cannabinoid exposure: A new risk for children? Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2016;55(11):1075-7.
31. Lovecchio F, Heise CW. Accidental pediatric ingestions of medical marijuana: A 4-year poison center experience. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2015;33(6):844-5.
32. Herrmann ES, Cone EJ, Mitchell JM, et al. Non-smoker exposure to second hand cannabis smoke II: Effect of room ventilation on the physiological, subjective, and behavioral/cognitive effects. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2015;151:194-202.
33. Cone EJ, Bigelow GE, Herrmann ES, et al. Nonsmoker exposure to second hand cannabis smoke. III. Oral fluid and blood drug concentrations and corresponding subjective effects. J Anal Toxicol. 2015;39(7):497-509.
34. Cipriani F, Mancino A, Pulitanò SM, et al. A cannabinoid-intoxicated child treated with dexmedetomidine: A case report. J Med Case Rep. 2015;9:152.
35. Ammerman S, Ryan S, Adelman WP, et al. The impact of marijuana policies on youth: Clinical, research, and legal update. Pediatrics. 2015;135(3):e769-e85.
36. Cone EJ, Bigelow GE, Herrmann ES, et al. Non-smoker exposure to secondhand cannabis smoke. I. Urine screening and confirmation results. Journal of Analytical Toxicology. 2014;39(1):1- 12.
37. Borgelt LM, Franson KL, Nussbaum AM, Wang GS. The pharmacologic and clinical effects of medical cannabis. Pharmacotherapy. 2013;33(2):195-209.
38. Martin KL, Vogt KN, Girotti MJ, et al. Drug use and screening in pediatric trauma. Ther Drug Monit. 2011;33(4):439-42.
39. Bonkowsky JL, Sarco D, Pomeroy SL. Ataxia and shaking in a 2-year-old girl: Acute marijuana intoxication presenting as seizure. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2005;21(8):527-8.

Hyperemesis

1. Geraci E, Cake C, et al. Comparison of antiemetics in the management of pediatric cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2023;28(3):222-7.
2. Nachnani R, Hushagen K, Swaffield T, et al. Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome and hypophosphatemia in adolescents. JPGN Rep. 2022;3(4):e248.
3. Camcejo M, Hillman E, Isom H. Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome: Lighting up an emergency department near you. Mo Med. 2022;119(3):266-70.
4. Yeung MEM, Weaver CG, Hartmann R, et al. Emergency department pediatric visits in alberta for cannabis after legalization. Pediatrics. 2021;148(4).
5. Wang GS, Buttorff C, Wilks A, et al. Changes in emergency department encounters for vomiting after cannabis legalization in Colorado. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(9):e2125063.
6. Ruberto AJ, Sivilotti MLA, Forrester S, et al. Intravenous haloperidol versus ondansetron for cannabis hyperemesis syndrome (havoc): A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Emerg Med. 2021;77(6):613-9.
7. Lonsdale H, Kimsey KM, Brown JM, et al. Pediatric cannabinoid hyperemesis: A single institution 10-year case series. J Adolesc Health. 2021;68(2):255-61.
8. Dosani K, Koletic C, Alhosh R. Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome in pediatrics: An emerging problem. Pediatr Rev. 2021;42(9):500-6.
9. Auger N, Luu TM, Ayoub A, et al. Cannabis-related hospitalizations among youth in canada before and after cannabis legalization. J Addict Med. 2021;15(3):245-7.
10. Perisetti A, Gajendran M, Dasari CS, et al. Cannabis hyperemesis syndrome: An update on the pathophysiology and management. Ann Gastroenterol. 2020;33(6):571-8.
11. Leveille CF, Issenman RM, Kam AJ. A case of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome highlighting related key paediatric issues. Paediatr Child Health. 2020;25(Suppl 1):S7-s9.
12. Foster D VAK, Yan J, Teefy J, Lynch T. 75 paediatric cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome in the emergency department: A 5-year retrospective review. Paediatr Child Health. 2020;Aug;25(Suppl 2):e31.
13. Venkatesan T, Levinthal DJ, Li BUK, et al. Role of chronic cannabis use: Cyclic vomiting syndrome vs cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2019;31 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):e13606.

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